Resources and Safety Countermeasures (PBPD)

Helpful Resources: Performance Based Practical Design

• Highway Safety Manual (HSM) - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) - 2010
• Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM) - Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
• Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) - Transportation Research Board (TRB) - 2016
• NCHRP Report 783 - Evaluation of the 13 Controlling Criteria for Geometric Design - TRB - 2014
• NCHRP Report 785 - Performance Based Analysis of Geometric Design of Highways and Streets - TRB - 2014
• NCHRP Report 839 - A Performance Based Highway Geometric Design Process - TRB - 2017
• Complete Transportation Guidebook - Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) - 2016
• ADOT's Guiding Principles for Performance Based Practical Design - ADOT 2019
• ADOT's Design Decision Guide in Support of Performance Based Practical Design - ADOT 2025
• ADOT's Design Decision Document Form - ADOT 2025
• ADOT’s Pavement Design Risk Analysis Approach - ADOT - 2022
• Crash Modification Factor (CMF) Clearinghouse - FHWA
• ADOT's Project Definition Document - ADOT 2022

Case Studies

• FHWA's:  Design Decision Documentation and mitigation strategies for Design exceptions 

• Shoulder Width:  Publication No. FHWA-HIF-15-014 Case Study: Arizona SR 264 Burnside Junction to Summit - Safety Improvement Evaluation

Key Takeaways:

• PBPD must be incorporated into the development of every project.
• The PBPD approach is applied throughout the project's life cycle. 
• Encourages Flexibility while using Engineering Judgement.
• Utilize available safety and operational performance data when making decisions.
• Design up!
• Evaluate all practical alternatives to identify the optimum design that meets the objective and needs identified for the project.
• Focus on Documentation of Design Decisions.

Proven Safety Countermeasures:

• Centerline & Edgeline Rumble Strips.

• Shoulder Widening 

• Enhanced Striping

**FHWA has provided "Proven Safety Countermeasures" for consideration and evaluation in providing countermeasures to reduce roadway fatalities and serious injuries on our Nation's highways.